Internal-combttstio n engine



E. R. BURTNE'T`v INTERNAL COMBUSTIO ENGINE filed. mm1 1v. 1924 sheets-@heet 1 a' 16 /VKf/l/TQ/Q,

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Oct; 141;', 1924.A `Lia-11:51)?

E.A R. BUR'rNr-:TT INTERNAL GOMBUSTION lENGINE Patented Oct. 14, 1924.

UNITED STATES 1,511,107 PATENT oF,FlcE.

EVERETT R. BURTNETT, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO HOMER A.' BRUNELL, OF LOS ANGELES.'CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTIO'N ENGINE.

Appr-manon ala apra i7, 1924,.. y semi Na. 707,103. l l

To afl fifi/0m .it 272mg/ conce/rn.:

Be it known that l, Evnnnr'r BUI-:T- Nn'rr. a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county ofLos .ff-ingeles and State of Californial` have invented certain new and useful lImprovements in Internal-Combustion Engines. of which the following` is a specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines of the two stroke cycle type., the principal objects ofmy invention being to provide, in an engine of the character referred to, an improved design for direct air cooling, an improvement in cylinder arrangement and improved means for effecting charge induction.

It `will be understood by those familiar with the art of internal combustion engine design and especially direct air cooled enginas; that where high compression is alttained, the problem of cooling` the engine is difficult7 since the combustion temperature increases with the increase of compression pressure where the engine operates on the four stroke cycle principle and the radiating surface is `limited to the fin area, which can be applied to a single cylinder combustion chamber compatible with free air flow. y y

In my improved engine, as herein described, it will be seen that the fin area is greatly increased with respect to the piston displacement of a lgiven content, owingto the fact that the displacement is divided between lwo cylinders joined by one` common compression and combustion clearance chamber, and each two cylinder combustion chamber forrninga wing, of a V-shaped cui gine structure that permits a. freev circulation and flow of cooling` air over the conibustion units equally alike.

l propose to provide the forward cylinder of each two cylinder comluistioul chamber. or the cylinder that is first inthe path of cooling air flow7 with the exliaustports so that the heat that is added to this cylinder of the pair and which serves asA Athe exhaust port cylinder, by the hot residual gas 'flow will loe favored by the cooling` air first striking;r it. Y.

The second cylinder of each two cylinder combustion chamber has a two diameter bore and a two diameter piston thus creating an annular, chamber which l have ,adapted to the precompression or fuel charge pumping function, This second cylinder is also provided with portsin the wall of its external coolingl air flow and the induction of the precompressed fuel charge. Thesetwo functions, namely.l the pumping of the coolA freshcha-rg'e by the lower part ofi'the piston ofthe second cylinder in the path of the external cooling' air How: and the induction of the cool, pre-compressed fresh fuel charge over the piston head, of they same cylinder adds materially to the coolingiof the second cylinder. i i A The integral fins that join the two com-i bustion cylinders ofeach unitrpermits anv equalization of the heat, in the'event that one cylinder tends toifbecome heated to ar greater temperature than the other. y

My invention also contemplates a removable cylinder lhead having a; compression and combustion yclearance chamber that is common to the members. forming the pair of combustion cylinders of each unitf Such' construction permits the (machining of the entire peripheryof theelearance chamber; which is also very'favorable to air cooling since a polished Asurface attracts less heat than a rough surface, and tlieintegra-l cyl inder head, intu'rm dissipates any variation of heatifrom one end to the other, if there should be a variation in 'the heat of the contents of the chamber over the two cylinders duringcombustion.

.A further object lof my invention is, to provide afour throwcranl; sfhaft`\vi th the cranks to the `respe'ctive cylinders soI larrangeifl circumferentially7 that the power sequences are of uniiiorm intervals irrespective of the degree of angularity between the two sets ofl combustion cylinders for,'by,so doing, I have"prov,ilded an equal' counter travel of the reciprocatory inertia forces, I accomplish this, by arranging the two cranks of the two cylinders forming the V- wing last in the direction crank shaft rotation in ladvance of the `diametrically opposite position 4of the two cranks of the two cylinders ,forming the V-wing first in direction of crank shaft rotation, f whatever number of degrees ofvangularity is betweenl the two V-ivings of cylinders. This arrangement permits the movement of the pistons within the two cylinders of each V- wing in exactly opposite directions and consequently balancing the reciprocative elements.

posite dead ,center positions., i

atthesame tiniein relation to the two op.-

;iAnyv-suitable, counter weight be farmediiptegraluth.-or attached .te the crank shaft diametrically opposite theI out of bl lance, we'glit. asiel-17nd by the vherein 'f dScrlbd arrangement, Ot .the feuicrzinks of thelcra'nk shaft to balance the whole rotary mass. y i further object "of myy invention is to provide gaseous ,fuel inlet ,valve for. each annular.l chamber formed,-betweentlie two @amata aanstaandcy-hndeir @dans to chargepumping,- for th'eadinissipn Aof the fuel charge` for the l ration of tthe suctienE trete. 'of therespectiverieten and flitheiid Pmvidimeansfer estu-ating ,the

. with eff-removably th rear, Portion jot .lg-lle. crank by weet-Intec er. eeefl-i.. .eh-aft ali-.dite there@ .Ot-the. .CraHIkithI-.Ows eedt-furtlwlht@ `lerende :an .errang-@mnt f s for.l :thetransf-er ofi the precommeer ,elf the tive diameter]'Cyleelewtene f' g5-.te .the viiiafts .termed in. the. .Smell-@ diameter chamber1i ofthetwo diameter cylinders pf theother l/z-wing. y `thw foregoing. and other ,Objects :in View, my lnventionfonsistsin certain novel lfeatures V-olaco,nstructihon't; and arrangement etipals tliatwill beherinafter. more fully 'claiiriedaiid` illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich.: y lFigi isatop yplanlview of an engine of improvedonstrucltien i t; ug. L2 a,verticalelongitudinal section takelyivon tlielline.2-2iofsll`igf1. Y f

.g is .cross section taken on the line .flaiisla cross section taken on the line mq, '.2 il." .l l'. )l .n

...i tiefe/mii @by numerals to, th acciuilivf lag drawings ri/.mic-hy inname pegada .eretefehsine embkyingth Principles Ot fv nvetionz designates a crank case of s "bleus-cf rin, hLying. bearingsmllfor crank shal l2 *andthe latter having four i Qraiilcsnl -155 which occupy the saine lon' itudlnal; plane,arey angularly uit peet *20-...cram 114..-,arl`- 16A- which latter o`c` upy the same longitudinal plane. Crank shaft 12 is also provided "hear one to the rear of block 19. n

lThe upper portions of.

19 are royvided heat radiating over wiich nutv-l pass blasts. ofqairufrom a suitably.mounted-fan. or tanssuch as 2 1.

Formed in block 18 arecombustionohainf bers 22 and 23, the axes of which are parallel.A

chamber 23k ispincreasedr so afsto .lprovidea @maar if 'the .ijdele ,partita @t gaseous fuel precompressionychaniberl;and

arranged ,forrepreeatotr .leovsmelitvthin the. Chambers 22 andv y23. are., respectively, pistons.. 25. and 26,1116. lever. peftee 0f. the latter beingincrsasd in diameter, ,tefernta piston .member or head lreciprocxates Within Chamber' Zeonnectne DSt 2.5,itf11' stank. 14 is en. Ordinary Qenetnaltocl and Vin likemanner `the, twIo diameter 26 27 isconnected to crank 16 by a connectingrodv29. .1, A. l; u

Block 19 is provided with combustion chambers 30- and,31,tlie"diameter,of the lower portion of the latter being increased to provide a gaseous fuel compression chainbe'r 32 andiarrangedfor operationtwithin said combustion chambers fare. respectively, pistons 33 andh .The .ilower portionho'f piston 34 is increased in diameter to form Va PSOII` 0r head` 3,5 that arranged for operation in precompression chamber Aconnecting rod 36 connects vpiston 33 .to crank ,13 and asimilar yconnecting rod 3 7 connects the two diameter piston 34, 35 with crankil. .v .H i.

To compensate f orrthe increasedweightof the two diameter pistons as compared to the pistons v25 and 33 land tocounterbalance. the reciprocatory masses coinpris'inghthe pistons and connecting rods, all Qjl" thevcranks of the crank shaft are. provided with counterbalancing weights 38.

rinedl ou thenside that S'Uifeunds Chamber@ are. exhaust. ports the same being located at a point where they will be. Wholly uncovered i and... operi, only when piston 25 is at the lower or outer end Ofits stroke...

i .Similar .exhaust:PerteQerelOated-r the @Marennes ,website chamber a@ iii block 19 and the latter ports being located yieu ing high center after having compressed a charge of gaseous fuel in common clearance chamber 6() and that said compressed charge is ignited by a spark produced between the inner ends of the electrodes of spark pluri 61. the expansion following combustion will act equally on the heads of said pistons to drive the same downward on their power stroke and the motion and power thus developed is transmitted through rods 23 and 29 and cranks 14 and 16 to crank shaft 12.

During` the downward movement of piston 26 and while piston 27 is moving downward` in chamber 24, cam 13 is acting through it.`I plunger 56 to hold the poppet valve at the outer end of chamber 42 off its seat, or in open position. thereby7 permitting a charge of gaseous fuel to he drawn from'supply duct 51 and fitting 5() past the open' valve 52 into chamber 42 and from thence said fuel charge passes into pumping chamber 24. As piston 27 reaches low center the vcorresponding valve 52 closes, thereby cutting off the further inflow of' gaseous fuel.

As piston 25 approaches low center, the head of said piston passes exhaust ports 39, which action takes place an instant before the fuel inlet ports 43 into chamber 23 are uncovered,y due to the fact that said exhaust ports are slightly higher than said inlet ports and as said exhaust ports are thus uncovered the high pressure prevailing in the combustion chambers 22 and'23 will drop as the spent gases find exist through said exhaust ports.

This exhaust of burnt gases from chambers 22 and 23 will be materially assisted by the inrush of precompressed gaseous fuel from inlet ports 48 into the lower portion of chamber 23 and which action takes place as piston 26 moves to the lower end of its stroke and uncovers said inlet ports.

It will be understood that the precompressed charge of gasedus fuel thus admitted to chamber 23 was compressed in chamber 32 by piston 35 as thelatter moved upward in said chamber 32, which latter movement took place while the pistons 25 and 26 were moving downward on their power stroke. Thus the charge of `gaseous fuel that was compressed in the upper portions of chamber 32 and in transfer duct 47 is admitted to chamber 23 when ports 48 are uncovered and, as soon as pistons 25 and 26 start on their succeeding upward stroke the ports 48 and 39 will be covered and closed, thereby trapping the charge of gaseous fuel within the combustion chambers, and said fuel charge together with any products of combustion that remain in said chambers will be compressed as the pistons move upward on the compression stroke.

Obviously, as piston 27 moves downward with piston 26 on the power stroke, cam 17 opens the corresponding valve 52 to admit a charge of gaseous fuel into chamber 24 and on the succeeding` upward movement of piston 27 this fuel charge will be precom# pressed and when ports 44 into chamber 31 are uncovered said charge will pass through transfer duct 43 and through said'ports-44 into said chamber 31.

lVhile the engine is in operation, fan 21 is constantly driven so as to discharge a constant stream of cooling air over the fins 20 and 59, with the result that the higher degrees of heat developed during engine operation are rapidly dispelled.

The cooling of the engine with blasts of air is rendered particularlyeffective bythe V-arrangement of the two wings containing the combustion cylinders, by reason of the fact that there are but two cylindersin each row and, further, bythe particular longitudinal arrangement of the heat radiating tins.

Thus it will be seen that I have provided a two stroke cycle air cooled'internal com# bustion engine. that is relatively simple in structure.` capable of being easily'andcheaply produced, and in which engine the reciprocatingmasses are perfectly balanced so as to increase efficiency of operation and minimize vibration and wear'.` 'Y

It will be understoodthat various minor changes may be madein thesize, `form and construction of my improved two stroke cycle internal combustion .engine without' de parting fromthespirit of` my invention, rthe scope of which is set forth in-the appended claims.

T claim as my invention 1. In a two stroke cycle internalcombustion engine, four cylinders arrangedin aA V-- structure, with two cylinders in each wing of said structure, a pistonwithin each ofthe four cylinders. a crank shaft having four cranks, a separate connection between each piston and one. of said four cranks, two.` of the said. cranks arranged in,y one plane', the other-two cranks arranged'in a .second plane, the two cylinders of cach V-wing4 being arranged on centers parallel with the axis of the crank shaft but staggered with relation to the two cylinders inthe opposite V-wing, one of the two cylinders comprising each V- wing having a straight diameter, the other cylinder of the pair in each wing having a two diameter bore, thepiston within said two diameter cylinder havingtwoy diameters, an annular chamber created between the differ'- ential diametersl of said two diameterl cylinders and pistons, a pocket extending outwardly from each annular chamber, a port in the underside of each end pocket, a duct leading to said port for the supply of vgaseous fuel, an inlet valve seating downward in the said port, cams located on the crank shaft rearward of the cranks thereof, valve. actua-ting mechanism between the cams and the said inlet valves, an outlet port inthe wall ofthe clearance of the annular chamber of each ot the two diameterl cylinders` ports 'termed in the wall of each straight diameter cylinder of each V-unit for the expulsion oft the spent products oflf combustion, ports formed in the wall of the smaller diameter oli the two di* ameter cylinder of each V-unit, a` gaseous fuel precompression transfer duct leading; from the outlet port of each annular chamber to the ports in the smaller diamrer otthe trio diameter cylinder in theA opposite V-cylinder unit7 a removable cylinder he l common to the two cylinders compi-isi each V-wing a compression and combnstii Ai clearance chamber formed in the head and `ioining the said two cylinders in each V-nnit into one conm'ion combustion chamber.y ignition means located in the said removable inder head direiztly over the gaseous nel ports formed in the wall olE the cylinder ot each pair o'l" cylinders in each V-unit and havii'ig the smaller diameter and beingi a part ot' the two diameter cylinder7 tl t and the third cranks ol" the crank i; 'i the end of the engine which the straight diameter cylinders of each V cylinder wing occupies7 being aligned on one planen t-he second and fourth cranks of the crank shaft from the end of the engine., which the straight diameter cylinders of each V-cyliir der wing occupies, being aligned on a second plane, the two planes occupied by said cranks being in relation to each other, spaced apart circumterentially in degrees, less than diametrically opposite, whatever the anglilar relation is in degrees radially between the two rows of cylinders comprising the two V-wings o'l cylinder structure, means for directing a cooling air draft over the engine from the. end in which the straight diameter cylinders are located and cooling fins on the said four cylinders and cylinder heads.

2. In a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, tour cylinders, two of the tour cylinders having straight diameters and the other two of the cylinders having two diameters, pistons within each'o'l the 'tour cylin- `ders and the pistons within the cylinders having two diameters having corresponding two diameter peripheries, a. four throw crank shaft having the 'four cranks arranged with two throws in two different planes, 'the 'four cylinders being divided into two V-iiorni cylinder units, a straight diameter cylinder and a two diameter cylinder comprising each unit, a single compression and combustion chamber ljoining the Straight diameter cylinder and the chamber olf the smaller diameter of the two diameter cylinder at the head ends and common to botln said chamber beingformed in a removable cylinder head which is attached to both cylinders of each Vainit, a separate connection between the straight and two diameter piston ol the two cylinders o i" each if-unit to the two cranks in one plane`r cooling` lins surronndimig each et the cylinders el" each tf-unit and cooling tins extending across the cylinder head oll each V-unit, said tins extending on a line parallel with the axes of the crank shaft.

3. ln a V-type air cooled tour cylinder two stroke cycle internal combustion engine pistons arranged within each of the 'louicylindcrs, two el" the tour cylinders having straiglit diameters and two of the cylinders l'iaving two diametersy the la .Oer chambers of the two diameter cylinders oeing adapted to gaseous tnel charge pump-- ing, a common compression and combustion chamber joining the head ol one ol the straight diameter cylinders with one oil' the two diameter cylinders, one straight diameter cylinder and one two diameter cyl inder comprising the unit ol' two cylinders arranged on a center line parallel with the axis of the crank shalt and forming one olt the two ll-wings, cooling surrounding); the cylinders oli' the two cylinders comprising each 'li-unit, cooling `lins extending over the cylinder heads, said dns extending on a line parallel with the ailes of the crank shaft, a two plane crank shaft with separate connections between the pistons of the four cylinders and the respective cranks of said crank shaft, and the pistons ot the two cylinders comprising each V-cylinder unit being connected tothe two cranks ol the said 'tour crank shaft which are in one plane.

l. In a two stroke cycle internal coi'nbustion engine, four cylinders arranged Ato form a V-shaped structure with two cylinders in each wing thereof. one cylinder in each wing iliuuctioning as a con'ibusl'ion cyh inder, the other cylinder in cach wing AlnncA tioning as a combustion cylinder and a gaseous 'fuel pumping cylinder itor precoml pressing and pumping gaseous tuel to one ot the combustion cylinders in the opposite wing of the V-structnrm pistons arranged for operation within all tour cylinders, a fourfthrow crank shaft` separate connec tions from the tour pistons to the 'tour throws of the crank shalt, two o'll the throws of said crank shaft occupying one longitir dinal plane) the other two throws el said crank shaiit occupying1 another longitudinal plane) the two planes that are occupied by the two pairs o'l" throws beingarranged at equidistant points l'roin a longitudinal plane passing through the axis o'l the crank shaft., and the total nnml'ier ol degrees ol' angularity between the planes occupied by the two pairs oit' throws and the plane inter secting the axis of' the crank shaft equalling the angular degrees between the planes occupied by the axes of the two sets oit engine cylinders.

5. In a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine7 'four cylinders arranged to lill) 1. I.. hl

form a V-structure with two cylinders in each wing of said structure, one cylinder in each wing functioning as a combustion cylinder, the other cylinder in each wing functioning as a combustion cylinder and a gaseous fuel pump-ing cylinder a duct from each gaseous fuel pumping cylinder to one of the combustion cylinders of the vother wing, valvular means for controlling the admission of gaseous fuel into each .pumping cylinder, pistons arranged for operation within the four cylinders, and a crank shaft having four throws to which the four pistons are, respectively, connected.

6. In a two stroke. cycle internal combustion engine, four cylinders arranged to form a lll-structure with two cylinders in each wing of said structure, one cylinder in each wing functioning as a combustion cylinder,

the other cylinder in each wing functioning as a combustion cylinder' and a gaseous fuel pumping cylinder, a duct from each gaseous fuel pumping cylinder to one of the coinbustion cylinders of the other wing, valvular means for cont-rolling the admission of gaseous fuel into each pump-ing cylinder, pis tons arranged for operation within lthe four cylinders, a crank shaft having four throws to which the four pistons are, respectively, connected, and a block positioned on the head end of each ipair of cylinders, which block is provided with a common yclearance chamber that connects the head ends of the combustion chambers in thetwo cylinders on which said block is positioned.

7. In a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, four cylinders arranged `to form a V-structure with two cylinders in each wing of said structure, one cylinderin each wing functioning as a combustion cylinder, the other cylinder in each wing functioning as a combustion cylinder and a gaseous fuel pumping cylinder, a duct from each gaseous fuel pumping cylinder to one of the combustion cylinders of the other wing, valvular means for controlling the admission of gaseous fuel into each pumping cylinder, Ipistons arranged for operation within the four cylinders, a crank shaft having four throws to which the four eef/o7 pistons are, respectively, connected, a block positioned on the head end of each pair of cylinders, which block is provided with a common clearance chamber that connects the head ends of the combustion chambers in the two cylinders on which said block is positioned, heat radiating `fins "formedA on both pairs of cylinders and on the head blocks thereof, and means for directing air blasts longitudinally of said Vcylinders and the i'ns thereon. l

8. In a two stroke cycleinternal combustion engine, four cylinders arranged to form a V-shaped structure with two cylinders in each wing thereof, the cylinders in one being arranged so that they are staggered longitudinally with respect to the cylinders in the other wing, one cylinder in each wing functioning as a coinlbustion cylinder, the other cylinder in each wing functioning as a combined con'ibustion cylinder and gaseous fuel pumping cylinder, pistons Varranged for operation within the fourcylinders, and a crank shaft having four throws to which said pist-ons are, respectively, con nected.

9. In a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, four cylinders yarra'r'igedV to form a V-shaped structure with two cylinders in eac-h Y wing thereof, the cylin-y ders in one wing being arranged so thatcthey are staggered longitudinallyfwith respect to the cylinders in the'ther Wing, fone '.cylin' der in cach wing functioningas a', combus; tion cylinder, the other ,cylinder in h wing functioning as a coinbined combusl tion cylinder and gaseous fuel pumping cylinder, pistons arranged for operation within the four cylinders, a crank shfaft having four throws to which saidy pistons are, respectively, connected,` a gaseousfu'el transfer' ductleading from each pumping cylinder to onel of the combustion cylinders in the opposite wing of the V-s'tructure, and valvular means actuated from the 'crank shaft for controlling the admission of gaseous fuel into the pumping cylinders.

In testimony whereof I aliiik` my signa-- ture.

EVERETT R. BURTNETT. 

